Novel Drugs of Abuse—Identification, Treatment, and First Responder Safety

First responders operate in an ever-changing landscape. When it comes to drugs of abuse and misuse, many novel and emerging substances may not be readily recognized by police and EMS personnel. While the expanding fentanyl crisis has brought significant attention to this issue, other illicit substances are also becoming increasingly common. From club drugs and hallucinogens to so-called natural substances, cathinone derivatives, novel opioids, and synthetic amphetamines, responders may encounter a wide range of unfamiliar compounds. This lecture will review these substances, discuss their toxic and intoxicating effects, outline safety considerations for responders, and present best practices for treating individuals who have ingested these drugs.